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MAKAUT Introducing Three Courses on Archaeology

    Campus Karma
    • 0 likes
    By Campus Karma15 Nov 2019

    Know Your Past, Explore Archaeology

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    Heritage is deemed to mean those buildings, artifacts, structures, areas and precincts that are of historic, aesthetic, architectural or cultural significance and should include natural features within such areas of environmental significance or scenic beauty such as sacred groves, hills, hillocks, water bodies (and the areas adjoining the same), open areas, wooded areas, etc. It must be recognized that the 'cultural landscape' around a heritage site is critical for the interpretation of the site and its built heritage and thus is very much its integral part. The conservation of built heritage is generally perceived to be in the long term interest of society. 
     As a result, there is a need for professionals in this area, who will have the expertise to preserve historical monuments, temples etc. and prevent them from destruction. At present there is also a shortage of people having expertise in this area.

    In this context, to bridge the gap of professionals and to encourage the young generation towards studying Archaeology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), WB is introducing the following courses:


    1.One year PG Diploma in Archaeology (Duration 400 Hours)
    2.One year Diploma course in Conservation & Restoration (Duration 400 Hours)

    3.Certificate course for 90 days in Conservation, Restoration & Antiquarian Law (Duration 120 Hours)


    These courses will familiartise the students with studies of literary sources like Shilpa Shastra, Manasollasa, Natya Sastra, Roopmandana, Aparaajitapricha, Jataka tales, Panchtantra, Jain mythology etc. The students will know about difference in Plan structure of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain temples so that they become more friendly with original structure while conservation/ restoration is taken. Students will be introduced to mythology, epics and puranic episodes as most of the monument/temples have stories carved.

    Further students will be taught about geology so that they know stone in each monument. Sandstone figures are different from granite ones or schist ones and need different method of treatment. A training will be given to know how to clean sculptures and panels as sandstone cleaning is different from granite or Mathura stone figures. They will be knowing about the serious damage being caused and how and where weeds are growing on monuments. How the roots make the structure weak and leads to leaking of rain water and further growth of additional plants. The technical handling of sculptures while transporting for exhibitions and decoration methods without damaging.

    Pollution and blasts near the temple premises causing damage and its remedy will be taught. Fractal and golden ratios knowledge will also be a part of this course. In calamities how to handle monuments during rain and fire. Fixation of close circuit T.V in all monuments and to have Aesthetics matching while conserving as well as digital documentation of small and big sculptures.


    Job Prospects

    These courses will be very useful for those students who will go for job in Conservation and Restoration/ Archaeology/ Geology/ Anthropology by Government/Semi government departments/NGO’s in India or abroad/ Universities etc.

     1. PG Diploma in Archaeology


    SYLLABUS DETAILS 400 Hrs
    Module 1          30 Hrs

    PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF ARCHAEOLOGY

    i) Definition of Heritage and Archaeology

    ii) Difference between Archaeology and History

    iii) How Archaeology is more scientific than History

    iv) Methods for determination of period of structure and monuments.

    v) Maritime archaeology and its importance

    vi) Case study of Dwarka


    Module 2            30 Hrs
    APPLICATION OF SCIENCE IN ARCHAEOLOGY

    i) How to make archaeology more scientific.

    ii) Interdependence of science and archaeology

    iii) Relationship of Archaeology with other sciences like Anthropology, Geology, Architecture, Designing, Physics (for determination of age by the method of Carbon 14 dating), Sociology, History, Psychology and Physiology.

    iv) Latest excavations and findings.

    v) How history can be supplemented by latest discoveries interdependence of both.

    Module 3              35 Hrs

    PREHISTORY

    i) Introduction to Prehistory

    ii) Prehistoric beginning: Geological, biological and cultural dimensions of humans

    iii) Human origin and Geological time scale: Late tertiary (Miocene and Pliocene) and Quaternary Periods, Plio-Pleistocene boundary, Paleomagnetic records, Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Major environment and climate changes of Pleistocene. Pleistocene and Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS)

    iv) Pleistocene Flora and Fauna

    v) Main stages of human evolution and important fossil records: Hominin ancestors of the Late Miocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene, Pre-Australopiths, Australopiths and Homo. Hypotheses on modern human dispersal.

    vi) Acheulian and the Flake and Blade based industries of the Stone Age.

    vii) Palaeolithic cultural development in the world context.

    viii) Prehistoric Art: antiquity, significance, distribution.

    ix) Palaeolithic cultural developments in the Indian subcontinent- The Sohan Valley and the Geo-chronology and Stone age cultures of India.

    x) Lower Palaeolithic culture.

    xi) Middle Palaeolithic culture.

    xii) The upper Palaeolithic culture.

    xiii) Mesolithic and Neolithic cultures.

    Module 4           30 Hrs

    PROTOHISTORY

    i) Towards urbanisation: The Harappan culture, village farming; Pre Harappan; Post urban Harappan; Decline of Harappan.

    ii) Other chalcolithic cultures of India. The copper Hoard and Ochre colour Pottery. Chalcolithic remains in Ganga basin. Kayatha culture, Malwa culture of Narmada valley and its geographic distribution. Chalcolithic culture of Deccan region.

    iii) Iron age, Antiquity of Iron in India & its early stage. Painted grey ware, Northern black polished ware. The megalithic culture.

    Module 5           30 Hrs

    HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY

    i) The beginning of the Early Historic Period and emergence of urban cultures in the Ganga Valley and Peninsular India.

    ii) Important sites of Historical Period: Sringaverpura, Ahichhatra, Atiranjikhera, Hastinapur, Khairadih, Chandarketugarh, Nasik, Adam, Satanikota, Nagarjunakonda, Arikamedu, Kodumanal, Pattanam.

    Module 6      35 Hrs

    ART AND ICONOGRAPHY

    ART

    i) Art in prehistoric India.

    ii) Art in protohistoric India – sculpture in diverse mediums, paintings and other works of art.

    iii) Ancient Indian art in diverse mediums (stone, terracotta, stucco, bone, ivory, metals, etc.): Maurya, Sunga, Satavahana, Kushan, Gupta, Vakataka, Pallava, Chalukya, and Rashtrakuta art traditions with special reference to different art centres / schools, e.g. Amaravati, Bharhut, Sanchi, Mathura, Gandhara, Sarnath, Mahabalipuram, Kanchipuram, Badami, Aihole, Ajanta, Ellora and Bhubaneswar.

    iv) Early medieval Indian art styles: Pratihara, Chandella , Paramara, Chola, Hoysala, Pala and Kakatiya.

    v) Early and medieval mural paintings- technique and styles: with special reference to Ajanta, Bagh, Sittannavasal, Ellora, Thanjavur, etc.

    vi) Miniature paintings: Rajasthani Deccani, Mughal and Pahari schools.

    vii) Survey of metal images of India with special reference to Pala, Pallava, Chola and Kashmiri styles.

    ICONOGRAPHY

    i) Antiquity and concept of Indian Iconography.

    ii) Brief introduction to sources, mudras, asanas and ayudhas of deities.

    iii) Brahmanical Iconography: Siva, Vishnu, Surya, Brahma, Ganesa, Karttikeya, Devi (Mahishamardini, Saptamatrikas, Parvati, Lakshmi) Navagrahas and Ashta-dikpalas.

    iv) Buddhist Iconography: origin of Buddha images, Dhyani Buddha, Bodhisattva (Avalokiteswara, Maitreya, Manjusri), Tara, Maha Mayuri and Prajnaparamita.

    v) Jain Iconography: Evolution of Jaina images, Adinatha, Neminatha, Parsvanatha, Mahavira, Bahubali, Yaksha-yakshi with special reference to Chakresvari, Ambika, Padmavati and Sarasvati.

    Module 7        35 Hrs

    ARCHITECTURE

    i) Protohistoric architecture with emphasis on Harappan town planning

    ii) Development of architecture from early historical times to 12th century A.D. with special reference to stupas, viharas, chaityas and rock-cut caves

    iii) Development of temple architecture and its regional variations with special reference to Deogarh, Bhitargaon, Martand, Nalanda, Osian, Khajuraho, Bhubaneswar, Aihole, Kanchipuram, Thanjavur, Halebidu, Diwara, Madurai, Hampi

    iv) Indo-Islamic architecture: Delhi Sultanate, Mughal period, provincial styles with special reference to Deccani states and medieval water architecture. Layout of gardens in India through the ages (Dholpur, Humayun’s Tomb, Akbar’s Tomb, Shalimar, Taj Mahal, Nishat)

    v) Fort architecture with special reference to Rajgir, Sirkap, Sishupalgarh, Ujjain, Mathura, Pauni, Qila Raipithora, Hampi, Daulatabad, Chittogarh, Jaisalmer.

    Module 8          30 Hrs

    EPIGRAPHY AND NUMISMATICS

    GENERAL

    i) Antiquity of writing in old world civilizations (Pictograph, Ideogram, Syllabic and Logo-Syllabic to Alphabet)

    ii) Epigraphy as a source of Indian history

    iii) Writing material and antiquity of writing in India

    iv) Origin and development of Kharoshthi and Brahmi scripts

    v) Eras and Dates in Indian inscriptions

    vi) Symbols and Signs in Indian inscriptions

    vii) Early Indian numerals

    viii) Study of seals, sealings and copper plates

    ix) Study of some important inscriptions from north and south India

    a) Asokan Rock Edict XIII, Pillar Edict II

    b) Hathigumpha inscription of Kharvela

    c) Besnagar inscription of Helidorus

    d) Junagadh inscription of Rudradaman I

    e) Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta

    f) Aihole inscription of Pulakesin II

    g) Ikshvaku inscription of Virapurushadatta

    h) Nasik cave inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni

    i) Banskhera inscription of Harshavardhana

    j) Mandagapattu inscription of Mahendravarman I

    k) Uttiramerur inscription of Parantaka I

    l) Brihadeswara temple inscription of Rajaraja Chola I

    x) Paleography – North Indian Scripts: Early Brahmi; Sunga, Kushana and Kshatrapa inscriptions; Gupta and post-Gupta inscriptions; Sarada; Gaudiya; Box-headed and
    Nail-headed characters; Siddhamatrika; Evolution of Nagari scripts.

    xi) Palaeography – South Indian scripts: Tamil-Brahmi; Satavahana, Ikshvaku and Kadamba inscriptions; Origin and development of Telugu-Kannada script; Pallava-Grantha;; Grantha; Tamil script; Vatteluttu.

    xii) Developmental stages of the following Brahmi letters: a, ka, cha, na, pa, bha, ma, ya, sha, sa, ha.

    xiii) Use of diacritical marks

    xiv) Arabic and Persian Inscriptions: broad characteristics of the main varieties of Arabic and Persian inscriptions found in Indo-Islamic calligraphy.

    xv) Arabic and Persian calligraphy with special reference to Kufic, Nask, Thulth, Nastaliq, Tughra, Shikasta, Makus.

    xvi) Arabic numerals, chronograms and eras.

    xvii) Use of diacritical marks.

    NUMISMATICS

    i) Numismatics as a source of history

    ii) Origin and antiquity of coinage in India

    iii) Coins from excavations and their significance

    iv) Metal content of coins, weight and shape

    v) Authority of issuing coins – Janapadas, Cities, Guilds, Ganas and Dynasties

    vi) Technique of minting coins: Punch-marked, cast, die-struck and mints in the medieval period.

    vii) Broad characteristics and identification of dynastic coins: Punch-marked, cast copper coins, Indo-Greek, Saka, Satavahana, Kushan, Gupta, Huna, Indo-Sassanian (Gadhaiya), and Rajput.

    viii) Broad characteristics and identification of coins of Chola, Delhi Sultanate, Vijayanagara, Mughal, Kashmir and Ahom.

    Module 9              35 Hrs

    MUSEOLOGY

    i) Introduction to Museology

    a) Definition of museology and museography

    b) History of development of museums in the world with special reference to India

    c) Types of museums, their scope and functions

    ii) Collection, Documentation and Preservation

    a) Collection policies, ethics and procedures

    b) Collection: field exploration, excavation, purchase, gift and bequests, loans and deposits, exchanges, treasure trove, confiscation and others

    c) Documentation: accessioning, indexing, cataloguing, digital documentation and de- accessioning

    d) Preservation: curatorial care, preventive conservation, chemical preservation and restoration

    iii) Museum Presentation/ Exhibition

    a) Types of exhibits and exhibitions, exhibition designing, planning, fabrication, installation and related issues

    b) Principles of display for permanent exhibition and reserve collection

    c) Objectives and communication goals, target audience, concept development, story line, designing and layout of exhibits, gallery development, space, showcases and structural installation, colour scheme, lighting, labels & scripts, evaluation

    d) Temporary, travelling, mobile and exhibitions abroad

    iv) Museum Education and Communication

    a) In house educational programmes and activities, outreach programmes

    b) Educational activities like lectures, seminars, workshops, museum camps, special celebrations

    c) Use of multimedia in museums

    v) Museum Research and Publications

    a) Research based on museum collections, research publications, catalogue

    b) Popular publications such as guide books, brochures, worksheets, pamphlets, posters, picture postcards

    c) Museological research, visitor surveys and exhibit evaluation studies

    vi) Museum Management

    a) Museum Management and administration: security, public safety, insurance, budgeting and human resources

    b) Museum architecture, adaptation and use of old buildings

    c) Forgeries, copies, replicas, reproductions

    d) Museum Marketing

    e) ICOM code of professional ethics and statutes

    f) National and international organizations related to museums

    g) Relevant laws on antiquities and art treasures

    h) Guidelines for loans

    vii) Practical work: students shall undertake practical work and assignments related to the topics of study.

    Module 10                40 Hrs

    STRUCTURAL CONSERVATION OF MONUMENTS

    i) History and Principles of Conservation

    a) History of archaeological conservations

    b) General principles and guidelines for conservation and preservation of monuments/ sites & excavated remains in India and historic gardens

    c) Guiding principles of conservation/ preservation of monuments as per international conventions

    d) Role of Archaeological Survey of India in the preservation of monuments in India and abroad

    e) Salvaging and transplantation of monuments

    f) Reconstruction and restoration of monuments

    g) Projects execution of conservation of important monuments

    h) Preservation and environmental development

    i) Importance of knowledge of archaeology, civil engineering, art and architecture for conservation of monuments

    j) Exposure to indigenous practices/ techniques and treaties (eg. manasara, agamas, etc)

    k) Distribution of monuments in different geographical/ seismic zones and their conservation problem
    ii) Materials and Techniques

    a) Stone: classification, quarries, selection, specifications, defects, types of masonry, techniques of jointing and pointing

    b) Bricks: types, kilns, material composition, techniques of manufacturing, characteristics, specifications, bonding and laying, coloured tiles and ceramics

    c) Wood: structure of timber, seasoning, defects and treatment, use in buildings, causes of decay and remedies

    d) Metals and alloys: definition of terms, iron ores, manufacture of iron, different types or iron steel and their use in building, protection f metals against corrosion

    e) Non-ferrous metals: copper, lead zinc, tin and gun metal

    f) Concrete: Lime and cement concrete, their composition and use in building, reinforced cement concrete, water proofing, deterioration of concrete and repairs, surface treatment with concrete, shot concrete (guniting)

    g) Mortar: definition of mortar, types of ancient mortar and concrete, lime mortar, its composition and specifications, cement mortar, mud mortar, special mortar for inlay and marble work, synthetic mortar, resins and their uses as adhesives and consolidants.

    iii) Scaffolding

    a) Types of scaffolding, temporary supports, propping and strutting, centering, shoring, timbering of deep trenches, providing of chutes, safety measures.

    iv) Foundations

    a) Definition of foundation and footing

    b) Foundation in ancient buildings

    c) Types of foundation

    d) Typical failure of foundation

    e) Consolidating and strengthening of foundations

    f) Water proofing

    v) Inspection of Monuments

    a) The purpose of periodical inspection

    b) Studying the problems of conservation and preservation and drawing of conservation notes

    c) Study of crack patterns

    d) General assessment, such as administrative problems and security measures

    vi) Constructional Members (Pillars, Beams, Arches, Domes and Vaults)

    a) Grouting by pressure and gravity

    b) Pointing, types of pointing

    c) Underpinning

    d) Rock bolting, filleting and edging

    e) Inlay work

    f) Stucco work

    g) Tile work

    h) Glass work/ mirror wok/ stained glass work

    i) Monitoring of cracks (tell-tales and strain gauges)

    j) Plastering (walls and ceilings), lathing, packing with lime concrete and surface treatment, water tightening the tops, purity of water

    k) Conservation of excavated remains

    l) Use of dowels

    m) Rising damp/ penetrating damp/ water drainage

    vii) Estimating and costing

    a) Special repairs estimate

    b) Annual repairs estimate

    c) Original works estimate

    d) Supplementary and revised estimates

    e) Schedule of rates and analysis of rates

    f) Engineering appreciations

    g) Conservation policy and planning

    h) Administrative problems and logistics

    Module 11          30 Hrs
    CHEMICAL PRESERVATION OF MONUMENTS AND ANTIQUITIES

    i) Introduction: Ethics of conservation, restoration and preservation and its history

    ii) Basic Chemistry

    a) Inorganic and organic chemistry

    b) Elements and compounds

    c) Metals (Silver, Gold, Copper, Iron, Lead) and non-metals

    d) Alloys

    e) Acids, bases and salts

    f) pH, ionic and non-ionic solutions

    g) Solubility, solvents and insolubility

    h) Micro-climate

    iii) Causes of Decay

    a) Physical, chemical and biological deteriorating agencies

    b) Air-pollution – monitoring and control

    c) Environmental parameters – monitoring

    d) Preventive and curative methods of control

    iv) Documentation

    a) Preparation of history chart, status report

    b) Photography, Ultraviolet, Infrared and Radiography

    c) Fakes and forgeries with case studies

    v) Metallic Antiquities (Gold, Silver, Copper, Bronze, Lead, Iron)

    a) Ores, source of origin and metallurgy

    b) Causes of decay and corrosion

    c) Consolidation and treatment in the field

    d) Laboratory treatment, preservation and general maintenance

    vi) Organic Antiquities (Ivory, Bone, Horn, Leather, Parchment, Furs, Paper, Birch Bark, Palm Leaf, Wood and Textile)

    a) Material and its composition

    b) Causes of decay

    c) Treatment in field and laboratory

    d) Fumigation, bleeding, strengthening, drying and lamination

    e) Consolidation, repairs and general maintenance

    vii) Siliceous, Calcareous and Argillaceous antiquities (Stone, Semi-precious Stone, Mineral, Mud, Terracotta, Pottery, Glass, Glaze, Faience, Stucco)

    a) Chemical composition

    b) Causes of decay

    c) Treatment in field and laboratory

    d) Consolidation and repair

    viii) Monuments

    a) Building materials – problems of stones, bricks, mortars and lime

    b) Causes of decay

    c) Cleaning, consolidation and preservation

    d) Techniques – chemical wash, sand blast, paper pulp, clay pack, mist and jelly techniques

    ix) Paintings

    a) Factors – material structure and pigments

    b) Causes of decay

    c) Treatment

    d) Consolidation, restoration, repair and general maintenance

    1. Mural Paintings: Types – fresco, secco and tempera; Composition of ground support, etc; Factors – Ground, binding, medium and pigment; Transplantation (mounting, packing and transportation)

    2. Oil paintings: Historical background, origin in Europe and India; Factors – carrier, ground, pigment and varnish; Mechanical disintegration of canvas and paint layers

    3. Miniature paper paintings and manuscripts: Factors – paper, paints, pigments, dyes, medium; Determination of pH of paper, its folding endurance, tensile strength, percentage of cellulose

    4. Paintings on cloth, glass, wood, ivory and leather: Factors – material, pigment, dyes

    x) Case Study of Monuments and Antiquarian Remains

    xi) Authentication of antiquities by Scientific aids

    xii) Establishment of Field Laboratory (Necessary Instruments, Tools, Equipments and
    Chemicals)

    xiii) Practical

    a) Treatment and cleaning of metal antiquities

    b) Treatment, cleaning and strengthening of mural paintings

    c) Treatment of canvas and miniature paintings

    d) Cleaning and treatment of stones, marble, plaster, etc

    e) Laboratory procedures and determination of pH, etc

    Module 12          40 Hrs
    ANTIQUARIAN LAWS

    i) Introduction

    a) History of antiquarian laws in India

    b) Problems and implementation

    ii) Important Legislations:

    a) The Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878

    b) The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904

    c) The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958

    d) The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959

    e) The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972

    f) The Antiquities and Art Treasures rules, 1973

    iii) Related Act and Rules

    a) Land Acquisition Act 1894

    b) Public Premises (Eviction of unauthorised occupants) Act, 1971

    c) Public Premises (Eviction of unauthorised occupants) Rules

    iv) International Conventions

    a) The Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments, 1931

    b) UNESCO Convention for the protection of cultural property in the event of war and conflict (Hague), 1954

    c) The Venice Charter, 1964

    d) Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, 1970

    e) Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972

    f) UNESCO Recommendation for the protection of movable cultural property, 1978

    g) The Burra Charter, 1979

    h) Historic Gardens – The Florence Charter, 1981

    i) Charter for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage, 1990

    j) Guidelines on Education and Training in the Conservation of Monuments, Ensembles and Sites, 1993

    k) Nara document on Authenticity, 1994

    l) Charter on the Protection and Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage, 1996

    m) Principles for the Recording of Monuments, Groups of Buildings and Sites, 1996

    n) International Cultural Tourism Charter, 1999

    o) Charter on Built Vernacular Heritage, 1999

    p) Principles for the Preservation and Conservation/ Restoration of Wall Paintings, 2003

    q) Principles for the Analysis, Conservation and Structural Restoration of Architectural Heritage, 2003

    v) Practical Test: Surveying, Drawing, Photography, Modelling, Exploration & Excavation, Chemical Conservation, Computer Application, Viva-voce, General observations, Tutorials and Museum display, Dissertation.

    Course duration: 1 year
    Eligibility: MA in Archaeology/Ancient history/, M.Sc in Chemistry/Anthropology/ Geology.

    2. Diploma in Conservation & Restoration

    SYLLABUS DETAILS                                                                                                       400 Hrs
    Module 1                                                                                                                                50 Hrs
    Principles Guidelines and Laws: National and International
    Unit - I :          Introduction
                a.  Concept of Conservation
                b.  Conservation as a multidisciplinary science.
                c.  Theories, modern principles and guidelines.
              d.    Conservation- approach, attitude, professional ethics and scope of                                                   entrepreneurship, consciousness towards authenticity
    Unit-II :           Concept of Cultural Property
    a.         Definition of cultural property and types
                b.         Values, significance, concept of National Heritage.
                c.         World Heritage Convention
                d.         World Heritage Site
    Unit-III :         Principles and Guidelines
                a.         International recommendations for the conservation of cultural property,                                        the International Charters
                b.         Principles and guidelines for conservation and preservation of monuments,                                     sites and excavated remains in India
                c.         International conventions, prevention of illicit import and exports
                d.         Transfer of ownership of cultural property    
               
    Unit-IV :         Laws and Regulations           
                a.         History of antiquarian laws in Indiaand abroad
                b.         The Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878; land acquisition Act 1894. The Ancient                                Monuments and Archaeological Sites and remains Act 1904
    c.         Ancient monuments and archaeological sites and remains Act 1958 and Rules 1959. The Antiquities Art treasure Act 1972. Export Protection Act 1986
                d.         Social responsibility of Management/Organizations
    Unit - V :         Planning and Action
    a.                   Renovation and restoration of monuments and objects and surroundings,               
    b.                  Reuse and Rehabilitation of sites, monuments and building
                c.         Environment Protection and sustainable developments
                d.         Strategy, planning and resources.      
    Module 2                                                                                                                                50 Hrs
    Architectural, Engineering Technology, Nature and Use of Material
    Unit-I :                        Architectural Technology
    a.         Basic principle and concepts of architectural technology
    b.         Architectural design and functional requirements      and factors influencing architecture
                c.         Architectural design and engineering systems           
                d.         The integration of various building and supports systems
    Unit-II :           Engineering Technology
                a.         Basic Principles and concepts of construction engineering technology
                b.         Interrelated nature of structures, construction and environmental system
                c.         Structural forms and arches, slabs, plates, beams, curved surface structures
                d.         Lateral forces and static and dynamic loads and structural technology
    Unit-III :         Structural Systems and Elements
               
                a.         Sub structure: Foundation, walls, piers and columns
    b.                  Super structure I: Beams, arches, vaults, domes
    c.                   Super structure II:  Brackets, Chhatris, Door, Windows, Balconies etc.
    d.         Farm-work: centering, scaffolding (wood and steel) trusses and frames, joints and joining
    Unit-IV:          Nature and Properties and specification of building Material
                a.         Lime–– types, manufacturing process, and uses
                b.         Cement and concrete for external rendering, physical and chemical properties,                                permeability
                c.         Stones
                d.         Other building materials and finishes- wood, mud, clay etc.
    Unit V:            Usage of Material in Architecture
                a.         History of use of architectural material
                b.         Mortars used in architecture
                c.         Structural material, timber–causes of decay etc.
    d.                  Decorative architectural material
    * Practical include Site Visit
      
    Module 3                                                                                                                                50 Hrs
    Heritage Planning, Regulation, Zoning and Management
    Unit-I :                        Civilization and Settlements
                a.         Urban and rural typology, locations, cultural and historical context
                b.         Rise and development of urban planning 
                c.         Effects of Planned and unplanned development on historic settlement /areas         
                d.         Utopian concepts, moralistic and traditional planning
    Unit-II :           Planning parameters and  Principles
                a.         Principles- types, of planning -regional planning, socio-economic planning.
                b.         Integrated Development Plan.
                c.         Planning authorities.
                d.         Urban design and housing.
                             
    Unit-III :         Regulations and land use control
                a.         Planning objectives, techniques and regulations
                b.         Redevelopment, renewal and urbanism
                c.         Zoning concept: density and area planning, transportation planning
                d.         Legislative control (special areas, public land etc.)
                                       
    Unit-IV:          Project Management
                a.          Project Feasibility
                b.         Planning Strategy and objective
                c.         Management systems and cost analysis
                d.         Plan preparation and phase development
               
    Unit-V :           Economic Prospects and Potentials
                a.         Funding, incentive and trade off
                b.         Conservation, retrieval and renewal options
                c.         Construction document
                d.         Contract, supervision and management
     Module 4                                                                                                                                60 Hrs
    Survey, Inspection, Assessing Deterioration and Preparation of Status Reports   
    Unit - I :          Factors effecting the monuments and buildings
                a.         Definition of monument/historical buildings /archeological sites /historical remains
    b.         Effect of Environment - temperature, humidity, rainfall and air pollution etc.
                c.         Bio-deterioration - Micro-organism, insects, rodents etc.
    d.         Human encroachments and urban Developments, vandalism, agriculture growth.    Humidity, dampness and other problems in historical buildings (natural and man-        made causes)
    Unit II :           Inspection and Survey of Ancient Buildings / Monuments
                a.         Inspection of Historic buildings and structures/remains
    b.         Introduction to structural classification, recordings, and photography and preparation of drawings
                c.         Preparation of Assessment Reports
    d.         Preparation of Status Reports indicating guidelines for conservation and its methodology
    Unit - III :       Structural Surveys, Recording and Photography
    a.         Structural survey, architectural analysis and evaluation of available historical data              b.            Structural examination and assessment including foundation, interiors, structural                            section, elevation, roof and constructional technique
                c.         Photography, photogrammetry, preparation of plans sections and elevations
                d.         Aerial photography, LANDSAT-imageries and photo interpretations
    Unit  IV:         Documentation and technical study of material
                a.         Tools of examination of works of Art/ Antiquity.
                b.         U.V. Infra- Red, Radiography, X-rays
                c.         Methods of analysis (chemical), carbon 14 dating. I.R. analysis
                d.         Dating (history of Art), provenance, authentication, fakes and forgeries.
    Unit - V:          Basics of Financial Management
                a.         Costing and Budgeting and annual and special repair estimate
                b.         Tendering and contracting
                c.         Schedule of planning and Monitoring - Management control System
    d.            Infra-structural requirements and final approval of conservation work
    * Practical include Surveying and Training
    Module 5                                                                                                                                70 Hrs
    Conservation, Preservation and Restoration of Heritage Components and Conservation Technique
    Unit - I   :        Ancient Monuments, Remains and Heritage Buildings
               
    a.                   Idea of shelter, pit dwelling, rock alignments, memorials, shrines, tanks and fortifications.
                b.         Mediums of construction 
    c.         Functional aspects of earthen and timber architecture and its associated technology
    d.            Deterioration, conservation, preservation and maintenance
               
    Unit - II :         Stone and Burnt Brick Structures, including rock cut specimens
                a.         Rock cut, stone and Burnt Brick Architecture, use of building materials and                                   technology in historical building
                b.         Significance of stone/ brick architecture and rock cut structure
                c.         Technology, deterioration, conservation,        preservation and maintenance
                d.         Review of Indian building technology with special reference to important                                      buildings with case studies
    Unit III  :        Historical Gardens,  Cultural Landscapes and  Archeological Sites
                a.         Nature of Archaeological sites, landscapes
                b.         Historical Settlements - Salient features, patterns etc.
                c.         Heritage Complexes - concept, conservation and preservation
                d.         Development of site historical landscape and restoration of natural and artificial     surrounding.
                           
    Unit - IV :       Conservation Techniques
                a.         Structural Consolidation and repairs Structural failures, and stresses and
    their patterns, Under pinning, rock bolting, filleting, jacketing, grouting etc.
                b.         Temporary support, propping and strutting, reconstruction
                c.         Foundation strengthening, nature of soil, failures, consolidation etc.
                d.         Restoration and conservation of Architectural Decorative Elements like Inlay,                                stucco, tiles, glass and mirror work and field studies in conservation
    Unit -V :          Archaeological sites/Excavated Remains
                a.         Nature of Archaeological sites/ excavated remains
    b.                  Documentation and field conservation measures and preservation of excavated sites. Spot preservation and site lab-work.
    c.                   History of Archaeological conservation in India
    d.                  Salvage and transplantation of archaeological sites, monuments, etc.
    * Practical include Site Visit
    Module 6                                                                                                                                60 Hrs
    Chemical Treatment and Preservation of Painting, Manuscripts, Organic and Inorganic Materials
    Unit-I :                        Classification of materials and environmental  chemistry
                a.         Organic and Inorganic materials - composition,  bonding
                b.         Chemical and physical properties of material
                c.         Behaviour of material towards environmental factors
                d.         Mechanism and reaction in deterioration process.
    Unit - II :         Materials and General Treatment Techniques
                a.         Introduction to the chemical treatment, restoration, preservation
    b.            Pre-requisites of chemical treatment and use of different reagents and chemical
                 solvents
    c.         Identifying agents of decay, damage etc.
                d.         Preservation techniques and safe packing.
    Unit - III :       Organic  materials - paper, birch-bark, palm leaves, textile, bone,  ivory etc.
                a.         Nature and chemical composition of material and causes of decay
                b.         Treatment in the field
                c.         Analysis and treatment in the laboratory
                d.         Repairs and consolidation
    Unit - IV :       Inorganic, metallic and siliceous materials - Metals - copper, bronze, brass iron, lead, gold, silver, alloys stone clay etc.
                a.         Chemical composition of metal/alloys and siliceous materials
                b.         Causes of decay, corrosion and damage
                c.         Treatment in the field and consolidation techniques
                d.         Treatment in the lab
    Unit - V:          Rock Paintings, Murals and Illustrated Manuscripts
                a.         Rock Paintings, Murals and other paintings; characteristics and                                                        techniques of ground plan and treatment and restoration of rock surface                                         paintings – CASE STYUDY: Ajanta, Ellora, Bagh Caves, Brihadeshwara Temple,                               etc.
    b.         Paintings, illustrated manuscripts - detecting the damage and treatment and restoration, consolidation and preservation
                c.         Environmental setting and air pollutants and their impacts on materials
                d.         Study of colours, use of pigments, scope of intervention
    * Practical include Site Visit
    Module 7                                                                                                                                60 Hrs
    Public Awareness/Cultural Resource Management
    Unit - I :          Interpretation
    a.                   Levels of meanings - the functionalist, Structuralist Approaches and Semiotic
    Analysis
    b.                  Collective interpretation methods
                c.         The interpretation brief
                d.         Target audience - identifying user needs
    Unit - II :         Communication modes and  tools
    a.                   Introduction to mass media including popular and traditions
    b.         Audio/Video print ….. The written word     
                c.         Information technology and the World Wide Web, Multi media and computer                               reconstructions
    d.         Preparation of comprehensive communication strategy, project, management plans and materials 
    Unit - III :       Public Awareness and  Agencies
                a.         Agencies: Govt. and   Non-Government Organizations, National and International                        Agencies
                b.         Awareness about heritage, non-formal education, exhibitions, publications
                c.         Local community involvement
                d.         Role of individuals and professionals
    Unit - IV :       Cultural Resource Management
                a.         Site and Surroundings Management and maintenance
                b.         Visitors Management, Human Resource Development and Management
                c.         Information Management
                d.         Disaster management and World Heritage site management
    Unit - V :         Monitoring and Evaluation
               
                a.         Results based management and project monitoring plans
                b.         Evaluation – Tools
                c.         Evaluation – Collective Analysis and Inferences
                d.         Project Resource Management
    Dissertation/Report Writing
    Students’ research work
    Stage – I          :           Research basis, need and justification.
    Stage - II         :           Synopsis development, aim, objectives, scope of research, etc.
    Stage - III       :           Pre-final presentations/seminars, etc.
    Stage – IV       :           Final Presentation. 

    Course duration: 1 year

    Eligibility: MA in Archaeology/Ancient history/, M.Sc in Chemistry/Anthropology/ Geology, BE in Civil/ Architecture.

    3. Certificate in Conservation, Restoration & Antiquarian Law



    SYLLABUS DETAILS 120 Hrs

    Module 1 20 Hrs

    Laws/ Principles/ Guidelines

    1. Conservation approach attitude, professional ethics and scope

    2. Theories, modern principle & guidelines



    Module 2 35 Hrs

    Antiquity Act

    1. Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878

    2. Land acquisition Act, 1894

    3. The Ancient monuments and Archaeological sites and remains Act, 1904

    4. Ancient monuments and archaeological sites and remains Act, 1958 and rules, 1959. The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972. Export Protection Act, 1986

    5. Social responsibility of Management/ Organisations



    Module 3 40 Hrs

    Survey, Inspection, assessing Deterioration and Preparation of status reports

    1. Factors effecting the monuments/ buildings/ coin/ paintings and other antique

    2. Recordings/ photography and preparation of drawings

    3. Preparation of assessment report

    4. Budgeting/ Financial management

    5. Preservation of Paintings/ Manuscripts/ Organic/ Inorganic materials. Paper, Birch bark, Palm leaves/ textile, bone, ivory etc. Metals – copper, bronze, brass, Iron, Lead, Gold, Silver, Alloys, Stone clay etc.



    Module 4 25 Hrs

    Antiquarian Law

    1. Definition of Antiquity

    2. Registration of Antiquity

    3. Who can hold an Antiquity?

    4. Transfer of ownership and is necessary to be intimated to the Registering Officer

    5. Antiquity license

    6. Condition for license

    7. Validity of license and renewal

    8. Benefits of registration

    9. Exporting an antiquity is legal?

    10. Antiquity and Art Treasure Act

    11. Government role in Protection and Registration of Antiquities

    12. Registration of Antiquities

    13. Appointment of registering officers

    14. Application for registration and grant of certificate of registration



    15. Transfer of ownership, etc., of antiquities to be intimated to the registering officer

    Course duration: 3 months

    Eligibility: 10+2/ BE/ B.A/ B.Ed/ B.Sc/ B.Com

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